Industry Veteran Hans Rey Calls for Clearer E-Bike Definitions

[Mario Antony]

The 'heavier batteries will create the necessary limits on power' argument will be null and void inside of 2.5 years as battery technology continues to advance. This is a short-sighted perspective.

A universal watt/ nm/ speed limit makes the most sense with some sort of locked motor. 750w/ 100nm/ 25mph makes the most sense to me.

You think batteries are getting better, but thruth, it's not.
Many promises a lot, but nothing has been shown for commercial use.

Back in 90s, France and Germany had a 100hp power limit for all motorcycles.
Back then, most 750 and liter bikes were being castrated to respect that HP limit.
Crashes didn't decrease due to power limitation, and aftermarket mods were created.
Now, no motorcycle has power limitation.

Personally, I don't find the need for more power, and as I refered, I detune the engine on the mods I most use.

 

[pagheca]

Then pedal your bike up to 28mph after the motor has ceased providing assistance. Simples.

Actually, sometime I think it would be nice having a sort of friction to decouple the motor from the pedals above 25-25 km/h, to overcome its impedance and friction...

 

[Onetime]

I’m sorry, but that’s not the case. Let’s stop this misunderstanding. The current laws requires that above a certain power and speed threshold, rules similar to those for motor vehicles should apply: insurance, a driving license, and so on.

You may disagree with those limits, but please let’s stop confusing the two issues.


Again, no one is stopping you from going 80 km/h on a pedelec. I regularly go over 50 km/h myself. The issue is the assistance provided by the electric motor.

It IS the case and I’m not confusing any of these issues. You may disagree but please stop being a Karen about it. If you like going slow, cool. But stop with trying to place limits on others.

 

[bmwpowere36m3]

You must be more time behind a desk, than riding bikes/ebikes.

If speed is limited to 25km/h // 20mph, you won't be as fast as World Sprinters.

Even if you derestricted the ebike, you'll be limited by final drive.

All this limitations, and self power castration, is really stupid.
Would I like to have a 25kg, 2KW motor? No! Range would be shit.


PS: powerfull motors, require big batteries, big batteries, are heavy!
Market is going towards lighter ebikes, so it's a bit of nonsense wanting to limit power or self regulate max power... all will come naturally!

I disagree... the full power eMTB segment seems to be the hottest at the moment. A LOT of folks have power envy... some aren't buying current v1 Avinox equipped bikes because a v2 1300W is around the corner.

You have a choice between say Bosch CX and Avinox... what's the downside of getting the 1000W Anviox? Besides not being on the bike you want, which is really the most important thing at the end of the day. As I see it, its: bike selection, long term durability unknown, local support, personal information/app required.

You can ride the Avinox like a current Bosch CX and have similar weight/range OR get more power and lose some range. However, you get a CHOICE and for some that is very appealing in certain situations.

I just bought a Norco with a Bosch CX... I'd love to have a eMTB with an Avinox, but I'm not ready for a v1 and the bike choices/availability/price were not for me at the moment.

Limits for class I-III were the means to enable access of ebikes/pedlac in the first place... otherwise, they could have very well been classified as motor vehicles (moped/motorcycles). If an ebike required license/registration/insurance then I agree, it should not have restrictions, similar to other motor vehicles used on public roads.

Honestly, I don't think having a permit or license requirement for riding a bicycle on the road is such a bad thing. My family is from Poland and you needed a permit to ride your bicycle on public roads. You SHOULD know the rules of the road before coming into contact with pedestrians or vehicles.

 

[bmwpowere36m3]

It IS the case and I’m not confusing any of these issues. You may disagree but please stop being a Karen about it. If you like going slow, cool. But stop with trying to place limits on others.

Are you of the opinion that no limits should exist and only rely on user discretion and potential enforcement?

 

[Onetime]

Are you of the opinion that no limits should exist and only rely on user discretion and potential enforcement?

Exactly!

 

[Ride 2d@y]

UK person here... I cycle on the road to my local trails and 15.5mph feels dangerously slow vs the cars, so I'd take a raise to 20mph over anything else.

Recently, with class 3 enabled on my EMTB, I have equity with the motos, and there are a lot of them where I live. It's a great way to zip around town. Once I hit the dirt, I go back to normal MTB speeds etc. So versatile.

 

[Powerslider]

My thoughts:
1. My problem with the letter is the proposed solution is a half measure. Rewrite the class system altogether.
2. I’ll respect speed being an issue when we’re regulating the speed of all bikes. Nobody is looking to regulate a maximum speed for all bikes; they somehow only want speed limits on e-bikes. It’s not a safety issue for an analog doing +30mph downhill? I’m from NYC and can attest that analog roadies speeding around Central Park can and do injure others. Shit- rollerbladers hit people there.
3. I REALLY don’t respect the eMTB trail damage bullshit. Have you noticed nobody has any problem with bikers sliding and kicking out their back tire into turns? I don’t think that is good for the trail. Also- ever see how much damage horses do to a trail?
4. Dispute the propaganda, most people see more power as better.
5. Anybody with enough money can buy a 2 ton car that does 0-60 in <2 seconds; and can double or triple the speed limits. This idea that a 55lb bike doing 25mph is so unbelievably dangerous is ludicrous and worthy of ridicule.

Part of this is typical e-bike hate; with the other part being a money grab. Don’t fall for it.

 

[Fangs2k]

2. I’ll respect speed being an issue when we’re regulating the speed of all bikes. Nobody is looking to regulate a maximum speed for all bikes; they somehow only want speed limits on e-bikes. It’s not a safety issue for an analog doing +30mph downhill? I’m from NYC and can attest that analog roadies speeding around Central Park can and do injure others. Shit- rollerbladers hit people there.

Nobody is limiting the speed of e-bikes, just the assist limits, my e-bikes will still do 50mph down a big enough hill… Other people on other bikes (or rollerblades) being careless or irresponsible in a park doesn’t really come into it.

3. I REALLY don’t respect the eMTB trail damage bullshit. Have you noticed nobody has any problem with bikers sliding and kicking out their back tire into turns? I don’t think that is good for the trail. Also- ever see how much damage horses do to a trail?

I do 90% of my riding on bridleways, legal rights of way provided for horses and riders that are also legally usable by pedestrians, cyclists and restricted e-bikes. Motor vehicles are banned from them. They’ve been around for centuries, and haven’t been worn into oblivion by horses using them. They do get damaged by illegal off road motor vehicle use though.

4. Dispute the propaganda, most people see more power as better.

It’s a very narrow perspective for a hobby that is about way more than motor power and speed, but just my own view of course.

5. Anybody with enough money can buy a 2 ton car that does 0-60 in <2 seconds; and can double or triple the speed limits. This idea that a 55lb bike doing 25mph is so unbelievably dangerous is ludicrous and worthy of ridicule.

To drive it legally, they’ll also need a licence, a place to drive it, insurance and obey the laws put in place by authorities. Stepping over the straw man argument, the idea isn’t that a 55lb bike is dangerous in itself, but by them being restricted in some way they’re allowed to be used legally in places they otherwise wouldn’t be, and without the need for a licence, insurance etc. the latter is actually quite a freedom.

All a UK perspective, and just my own thoughts. We won’t miss something until it’s gone.

 

[pagheca]

It IS the case and I’m not confusing any of these issues. You may disagree but please stop being a Karen about it. If you like going slow, cool. But stop with trying to place limits on others.

Sorry, but… no. You’re conflating different issues. I explained why, while you’re simply asserting the opposite without providing any supporting argument.

Second point: I’m well aware that on the other side of the Atlantic people often have different views on these matters (I lived and worked there for many years), and that’s perfectly fine with me, good luck with that. But on this side we tend to think, and we believe we have every right to do so, that a civil society should have shared rules of behavior that, within certain limits, place the common good above certain individual freedoms, such as carrying military-grade weapons in public or allowing kids or some crazy people without a license and an insurance sustain 40 km/h on bike paths.

Again, you’re free to think differently, and we can discuss at length if 20, or 25, or 30 km/h is the most appropriate limit for an insured ebike, but please… “Karen” has nothing to do with this. We’re discussing the issue. Bring arguments and let others bring theirs, and judge which position makes more sense. Thank you.

 

[pagheca]

You think batteries are getting better, but thruth, it's not.
Many promises a lot, but nothing has been shown for commercial use.

"Technology advances: the energy density of lithium-ion batteries has increased from 80 Wh/kg to around 300 Wh/kg since the beginning of the 1990s." - from Lithium-ion batteries break energy density record – Physics World

Facts vs. opinions...

 

[ozzybmx]

Again, no one is stopping you from going 80 km/h on a pedelec. I regularly go over 50 km/h myself. The issue is the assistance provided by the electric motor.

Hans is a legend but this article with him ranting on the Bosch limit when they sponsor/ambassador him is a bit on the naff side. Yes he has a point but thats been discussed many times before Hans has got on board.

There is no doubt that 750w is easily sufficient for a mega day out but the max speed difference between countries is bigger deal in my opinion. Bosch sell expensive bikes and continue to rule over that bike from Bosch HQ, bricking the bike, throwing codes if excess assistance is detected, that is nonsense. We are locked at 15mph/25kph here in Australia, our neighbours and closest Aussie cousins in NZ are unlimited. 28mph would be a game changer and would narrow the disparity between Bosch and DJI immediately. Bosch's issue is not the max power, but locking a bike speed down like fort knox is putting them on the back foot.

Knobbly tyres, 36t front and 10 rear, the fastest I could get the DJI going was 58kph on a flat road commute with a little wind in the tail... with my legs going at Mach-Chicken speed.

My Amflow has 3300km on it and I could count on 2 hands the amount of times I had that bike out of the Auto setting. Trail, turbo and boost are not required but the ability to go above 25kph is the major difference.

Happy for you blokes on 20mph or 28mph but sadly with Bosch in Australia, this is not an option and with the bad press we are getting on illegal bikes, its not going to increase ever.

 

[bmwpowere36m3]

Hans is a legend but this article with him ranting on the Bosch limit when they sponsor/ambassador him is a bit on the naff side. Yes he has a point but thats been discussed many times before Hans has got on board.

There is no doubt that 750w is easily sufficient for a mega day out but the max speed difference between countries is bigger deal in my opinion. Bosch sell expensive bikes and continue to rule over that bike from Bosch HQ, bricking the bike, throwing codes if excess assistance is detected, that is nonsense. We are locked at 15mph/25kph here in Australia, our neighbours and closest Aussie cousins in NZ are unlimited. 28mph would be a game changer and would narrow the disparity between Bosch and DJI immediately. Bosch's issue is not the max power, but locking a bike speed down like fort knox is putting them on the back foot.

Knobbly tyres, 36t front and 10 rear, the fastest I could get the DJI going was 58kph on a flat road commute with a little wind in the tail... with my legs going at Mach-Chicken speed.

My Amflow has 3300km on it and I could count on 2 hands the amount of times I had that bike out of the Auto setting. Trail, turbo and boost are not required but the ability to go above 25kph is the major difference.

Happy for you blokes on 20mph or 28mph but sadly with Bosch in Australia, this is not an option and with the bad press we are getting on illegal bikes, its not going to increase ever.

So basically following the law... lmao.

I get it, we have the 20 mph and I would be equally frustrated with 15 mph here in the US. My buddy has his EP8 unlocked for 28 mph and it really on "matters" on pavement commutes. He rides to work and rides trails on the way home after work. Personally, I don't ride my eMTB on the road or have a desire to. For the limited times I'm on the pavement or rail trail, sure 28 mph would be nice just to not have the motor cut-out as abruptly at 20 mph which is easy to maintain on flatter terrain. At the same time, I'm totally fine with that consession if "need" be.

 

[Powerslider]

Nobody is limiting the speed of e-bikes, just the assist limits, my e-bikes will still do 50mph down a big enough hill… Other people on other bikes (or rollerblades) being careless or irresponsible in a park doesn’t really come into it.



I do 90% of my riding on bridleways, legal rights of way provided for horses and riders that are also legally usable by pedestrians, cyclists and restricted e-bikes. Motor vehicles are banned from them. They’ve been around for centuries, and haven’t been worn into oblivion by horses using them. They do get damaged by illegal off road motor vehicle use though.



It’s a very narrow perspective for a hobby that is about way more than motor power and speed, but just my own view of course.



To drive it legally, they’ll also need a licence, a place to drive it, insurance and obey the laws put in place by authorities. Stepping over the straw man argument, the idea isn’t that a 55lb bike is dangerous in itself, but by them being restricted in some way they’re allowed to be used legally in places they otherwise wouldn’t be, and without the need for a licence, insurance etc. the latter is actually quite a freedom.

All a UK perspective, and just my own thoughts. We won’t miss something until it’s gone.

Probably best I simply point out that we’re not in sync here and move on.

 

[JStrube]

You must be more time behind a desk, than riding bikes/ebikes.

If speed is limited to 25km/h // 20mph, you won't be as fast as World Sprinters.

Even if you derestricted the ebike, you'll be limited by final drive.

All this limitations, and self power castration, is really stupid.
Would I like to have a 25kg, 2KW motor? No! Range would be shit.


PS: powerfull motors, require big batteries, big batteries, are heavy!
Market is going towards lighter ebikes, so it's a bit of nonsense wanting to limit power or self regulate max power... all will come naturally!

Spot on. When I rode road, I could manage 20MPH for a 60 mile ride, and in a draft pack, make some small runs up to 27MPH.

If any regulations are needed, it is to keep the definition of a Class 1, as a pedal assist bike, and everything else is regulated off of trails that are non motorized. If it has a throttle, not allowed. Like you said, more power=more battery, it self levels after a bit.

 

[Fangs2k]

Probably best I simply point out that we’re not in sync here and move on.

It’s of course fine to disagree, I’d rather that than the cowardly emoji some people respond with…

It was merely to explain things from a different perspective, I’ve always said the ‘issues’ differ across different parts of the world.

It’s always good, I think, to hear differing views and perspectives. This shouldn’t be a ‘transmit only’ forum, although there are quite a minority on here nowadays who refuse to accept alternative views and even worse won’t even coherently argue why.

All the best, enjoy whatever it is you ride and wherever you do it.

 

[pagheca]

It’s of course fine to disagree, I’d rather that than the cowardly emoji some people respond with

It's the internet, baby... we just have to live with it.

No good arguments? Just insult.

 

[Mario Antony]

Let's use proper data, and existing figures:

• 2015: Bosch battery – 500 Wh, 2.7 kg → 185 Wh/kg
• 2025: Bosch battery – 600 Wh, 3.0 kg → 200 Wh/kg

So, basically we had a 8% increase in Power to Weight, in the last 10years.

Predictions for 2035 (based on the last 10 years of progress):

If capacity stays at 600 Wh and weight decreases:

• Future #1 (linear progress - 8%): 2.8 kg → 216 Wh/kg
• Future #2 (+25% faster progress): 2.2 kg → 270 Wh/kg
• Future #3 (+50% faster progress): 1.9 kg → 324 Wh/kg

If weight stays at 3 kg and capacity increases:

• Future #1: 648 Wh
• Future #2: 810 Wh
• Future #3: 972 Wh

So even with Future#3, we still have less than 1000wh with 3kg battery.
If companies, continue the power battle, ebikes will be one of two:
1) Limited in Range
2) Much heavier

I personally don't find too much 25kg ebikes (I think mine is over 26.5 with tools/spares/pump, Coil, DH tires, proper spd pedals), and just to give a reference, I transport it on a Roof rack, lifting it on all ridese, well above my head.
Saying this, don't mean I wouldn't love to have the same ebike, with less 2, 3 kg! And that's the main reason, I'm still deciding if I buy a Powermore250, or just adapt a 400Wh battery for short rides.


Conclusion:
Battery technology will improve, but power and weight will likely remain limiting factors unless a major technological breakthrough occurs. Future battery claims should be viewed with caution, as many projections are more optimistic than realistic.

 

[Ride 2d@y]

Spot on. When I rode road, I could manage 20MPH for a 60 mile ride, and in a draft pack, make some small runs up to 27MPH.

If any regulations are needed, it is to keep the definition of a Class 1, as a pedal assist bike, and everything else is regulated off of trails that are non motorized. If it has a throttle, not allowed. Like you said, more power=more battery, it self levels after a bit.

Class 3 can get you to the trailhead faster and eliminate using a vehicle to get you there. It's a setting on the Gen 4 Levo and I use it all the time now.

 

[FrogSkunk]

Pinkbike has to have one of the most negative user bases I have ever seen. No one is ever happy in a comment section there. Crazy amount of militant emtb haters also (mostly US/Canadian users). I think there's a quite a large ego component to it tbh.

But where do these ppl really exist? Do they withhold their true feelings until they return home to their mother’s basement, after working the same 9-5 used shoe salesman job they hate? Haha but seriously, for the amount of miserable ppl on PB comments sections, cant say I've ever run into one in the wild.

 

[MeatBike]

But where do these ppl really exist? Do they withhold their true feelings until they return home to their mother’s basement, after working the same 9-5 used shoe salesman job they hate? Haha but seriously, for the amount of miserable ppl on PB comments sections, cant say I've ever run into one in the wild.

See also: MTBR

I just got a 6 month ban for arguing with them

The "purists" basically troll every thread in the eBike sub forum with stuff like "it's not a real mountain bike", "if it has a motor then it's a moped", "LazEbike" etc, and then play the victim and claim there's an ebike cult when they get called out, which I clearly took too much pleasure in doing hence the ban.

I've been a member since 2009 but I've asked that they just delete my account as I'll only end doing the same again

 

[Weeksy]

See also: MTBR

I just got a 6 month ban for arguing with them

The "purists" basically troll every thread in the eBike sub forum with stuff like "it's not a real mountain bike", "if it has a motor then it's a moped", "LazEbike" etc, and then play the victim and claim there's an ebike cult when they get called out, which I clearly took too much pleasure in doing hence the ban.

I've been a member since 2009 but I've asked that they just delete my account as I'll only end doing the same again

Sometimes you've got to just learn that some places and discussions won't help anything. I've got a few on MTBR on ignore because of Ebike stuff and i mostly just laugh at PB stuff... But some people won't change their minds anyway so it's just pointless getting into it.

 

[MeatBike]

Sometimes you've got to just learn that some places and discussions won't help anything. I've got a few on MTBR on ignore because of Ebike stuff and i mostly just laugh at PB stuff... But some people won't change their minds anyway so it's just pointless getting into it.

That's true. At least on STW you can usually have a bit of banter over differing opinions, but they tend to go full Karen-Mode when you disagree with their die-hard stance over on MTBR.

What confused me about them is why even go in a sub forum for something you have no interest in, and even worse play the victim when those who do have an interest in the topic defend said interest? Madness!

Anyway, it's no skin off my nose. One less distraction from more constructive ways to spend my time.

 

[FrogSkunk]

Sometimes you've got to just learn that some places and discussions won't help anything. I've got a few on MTBR on ignore because of Ebike stuff and i mostly just laugh at PB stuff... But some people won't change their minds anyway so it's just pointless getting into it.

Dude, truer words have never been spoken, written rather. I have gone down that rabbit hole and it takes you to the same pit every time. No point.

See also: MTBR

I just got a 6 month ban for arguing with them

The "purists" basically troll every thread in the eBike sub forum with stuff like "it's not a real mountain bike", "if it has a motor then it's a moped", "LazEbike" etc, and then play the victim and claim there's an ebike cult when they get called out, which I clearly took too much pleasure in doing hence the ban.

I've been a member since 2009 but I've asked that they just delete my account as I'll only end doing the same again

Most of those ppl are just trolls looking for a reaction. Not going to lie, it is kind of fun to try and slyly ‘troll a troll’ though

But back on topic, I cant say I disagree/agree with Hans. I respect Hans, but calling for power caps while representing Bosch makes the argument feel a bit self-serving. Bosch has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of those limits, especially now that systems like Avinox are pushing higher power. I mean, wasnt Bosch at the forefront of the pack with the most power, until Avinox?

I agree that there should be a cap for class 1 emtbs, just feels kind of dirty hearing it all cone from Bosch

 

[bmwpowere36m3]

Dude, truer words have never been spoken, written rather. I have gone down that rabbit hole and it takes you to the same pit every time. No point.


Most of those ppl are just trolls looking for a reaction. Not going to lie, it is kind of fun to try and slyly ‘troll a troll’ though

But back on topic, I cant say I disagree/agree with Hans. I respect Hans, but calling for power caps while representing Bosch makes the argument feel a bit self-serving. Bosch has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of those limits, especially now that systems like Avinox are pushing higher power. I mean, wasnt Bosch at the forefront of the pack with the most power, until Avinox?

I agree that there should be a cap for class 1 emtbs, just feels kind of dirty hearing it all cone from Bosch

TBF we're in the US... so there's a cap already at 750W in most states. Some allow 1000W and a couple seem unclear, only limiting assisted speed and not specifically calling out power (State by State Electric Bike Laws | PeopleForBikes).

I suppose that's the loophole and leaves it up to individuals to regulate based on location. Avinox power, wink, wink, push a few buttons and Specialized Levo class III. However, I can see where this goes, at least in the US, when the majarity have tighter regulation.

 

[pagheca]

Let's use proper data, and existing figures:

• 2015: Bosch battery – 500 Wh, 2.7 kg → 185 Wh/kg
• 2025: Bosch battery – 600 Wh, 3.0 kg → 200 Wh/kg

So, basically we had a 8% increase in Power to Weight, in the last 10years.

Thanks for this, I always appreciate numbers. And you’re likely correct: Bosch battery performance hasn’t shown substantial improvement in recent years.

That said, Bosch is only one supplier in a much broader ecosystem, and recent technical reviews indicate a different trend at the industry level:

(Krishnan et al. 2026)

So, the increase in energy density has been actually closer to a factor of 2.5–3 over the past 23 years alone (1991–2025). In parallel, several other performance metrics have improved significantly, including cycle life (by a factor of 2–4) and overall safety.

Again, the real issue is not the technological progress in battery research, but rather the inertia of e‑bike manufacturers in updating their platforms. This gap may persist even if a more abrupt technological shift occurs in the future.

Battery technology will improve, but power and weight will likely remain limiting factors unless a major technological breakthrough occurs. Future battery claims should be viewed with caution, as many projections are more optimistic than realistic.

I’m hopeful for a technological breakthrough, yet incremental, steady progress remains significant, even if it’s not always immediately visible.

 

[Suns_PSD]

Bosch is utilizing the same cell technology as Avinox, Fazua, etc.

 

[pagheca]

Bosch is utilizing the same cell technology as Avinox, Fazua, etc.

Exactly — that’s why I wrote “the inertia of e‑bike manufacturers in updating their platforms” rather than “Bosch’s inertia.”

I’ve actually mentioned elsewhere how frustrating it is that my Trek e‑bike still comes with an expensive and heavy 650 Wh battery, even though it would be technically possible to upgrade it with a compatible 800 Wh or even 1000 Wh unit.

 

[irie]

Exactly — that’s why I wrote “the inertia of e‑bike manufacturers in updating their platforms” rather than “Bosch’s inertia.”

I’ve actually mentioned elsewhere how frustrating it is that my Trek e‑bike still comes with an expensive and heavy 650 Wh battery, even though it would be technically possible to upgrade it with a compatible 800 Wh or even 1000 Wh unit.

Upgrading from 650 to 800 and 650 to 1000 would imply energy density increases of 800/650=23% and 1000/650=54%

By the same token that would mean that our Bosch 500Wh batteries could be upgraded to between 615Wh and 770Wh

Our 500Wh batteries weigh ~2.8kg and 625Wh batteries weigh ~3.5kg so there would be a large weight saving and in addition the weight would be carried lower in the down tube.

Anybody know where can get the cells in our (non-Smart) Bosch Powertube Vertical batteries upgraded?

 

[Mario Antony]

Thanks for this, I always appreciate numbers. And you’re likely correct: Bosch battery performance hasn’t shown substantial improvement in recent years.

That said, Bosch is only one supplier in a much broader ecosystem, and recent technical reviews indicate a different trend at the industry level:

View attachment 178876
(Krishnan et al. 2026)

So, the increase in energy density has been actually closer to a factor of 2.5–3 over the past 23 years alone (1991–2025). In parallel, several other performance metrics have improved significantly, including cycle life (by a factor of 2–4) and overall safety.

Again, the real issue is not the technological progress in battery research, but rather the inertia of e‑bike manufacturers in updating their platforms. This gap may persist even if a more abrupt technological shift occurs in the future.

I’m hopeful for a technological breakthrough, yet incremental, steady progress remains significant, even if it’s not always immediately visible.

I'm not an electronic engineering nor chemical/material engineering, but I do supose manufacturers tend to stick with test&proven suppliers/material/equipment.

I follow closely EVs, and I don't see anything extraordinary, that would make me jump on the bandwagon.
I see Tesla, has one of the leading brands (yeah. I know, bad rep from Elon and USA and all that BS) Batteries aren't increasing power density. S models got bigger batteries to reach 100Kwh, but in thruth, density hasn't change much.
S models started being sold...what? 12 years ago?

So you have leading manufacturer, and battery itself hasn't progress much in the last decade, as it was promissed back in 2015.
Mercedes is chasing Fastcharging with 800Wh, but EVs continue to be heavy, and limit range!

On all my cars (Diesel, btw), I can reach 1.000km with 1 tank. On 2 of them, I can actually do +1000km with a single tank!
A full tank weight around 58kg? 48kg of fuel and around 10kg for the tank?

To talk about battery evolution, we need to reach power density close to Diesel (~1Kwh for ~0.25liter or ~0.2kg)

Wouldn't it fun to have 1.000Wh battery weighting around 600grm (counting casing, bms,etc) dropping bike weight around 3.5 to 4kg?
Now that would be nice.


PS: and that's the reason, I think power won't be needed to be limited.