I've said it before, I'll say it again. Assembling aluminum or stainless fasteners dry is sloppy workmanship. Using oil or grease exhibits the knowledge that something needs to be done, but it's amateurish and not effective over the long run.
To answer your question more directly, yes, it's appropriate to use Loctite or a similar product on your crank arm fasteners. Medium strength will be your best choice. Proper cleaning, application, and cure time are important.
Personally, I'm more likely to use anti seize. It inhibits galling and corrosion better than a thread locker, and it allows for more precise tightening. Unless the project is disposable junk, I'll use anti seize on nearly everything.
Although there's a lot of fancy science surrounding threaded fasteners, they're not all that complicated for folks at our level. Properly tightened, fasteners don't just magically loosen. The problem with your cranks was more than likely improper fit, dirt, or galling. Address that, and live happily ever after.