So the issue with derailleur is now fixed. It wasn't installed properly. I checked the manual and installed the right way.
Regarding brakes I think this adapter will fix the issue: SM-MAF220P/PL
I adjusted another time, but it's seem the problem is in cassette, the biggest (50T) gear. The cassette has only 300km. Also, I added a new chain. When under pressure the chain wont sit properly. Maby a better cassette will fix this issue?
The rear brake is now ok. Front brake it's not ok. On first photo you see I removed washers. On second photo you can see upright original Shimano adapter, down is this adapter, that is installed. It's not the same dimensions. Still if I install original Shimano adapter there is still 2-3mm too...
I observed (and adjusted correctly) but the problem is under load that on granny gear the chain don't sit nicely to this gear. Maby the cassette is of bad quality.