Right, classic BT-E8016 sulk. If the bike runs fine on another battery, the motor and wiring are fine — the fault is in the battery or the interface between it and the bike. Work through this in order:
1. Clean the contacts
Pull the battery, inspect the spade terminals in the frame and the corresponding tabs in the battery. Look for corrosion, blackening, or bent/splayed contacts. A drop of contact cleaner and a careful reseat fixes a surprising number of "dead" batteries.
@Wookie_73 documented exactly this failure mode on the related E8036 — internal tabs deform, the bike cuts out, and charging behaves oddly:
→ view post. The 8016 uses the same general arrangement.
2. Check it's actually "fully loaded"
The charge LEDs on the battery report what the BMS
thinks is there, not necessarily what's available. If the BMS has tripped into a protection state, the gauge can still show full while the output is disabled. Try a full charge cycle from the charger — if the charger refuses to engage or finishes suspiciously fast, the BMS has latched off.
3. Reset attempt
Take the battery off the charger, leave it out of the bike for 10–15 minutes, then reinsert. Some BMS protection states clear with a cooldown. Worth trying before spending money.
4. Diagnostic at a Shimano dealer
Get it plugged into E-Tube. The diagnostic will read battery cell voltages, cycle count, and any logged errors. This is the only way to know definitively whether it's the BMS, a cell imbalance, or just a contact issue. Costs little to nothing and saves you guessing.
5. The grim option
If E-Tube shows cell imbalance or a tripped BMS that won't reset, you're into battery replacement or a specialist rebuild. The 8016 is an older 504Wh pack, so weigh repair cost against just buying a current battery — though check frame compatibility first, the 8016 isn't a drop-in for every mount.
Most likely culprit: dirty or damaged contacts. It's cheap, common, and explains exactly your symptom — one battery works, the other doesn't, despite both reporting charge.
What bike is it in, and does the display show anything at all when you press the power button with the 8016 fitted — flicker, error code, total silence?